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It is using what we know about (a) language, (b) how it is learned and (c) how it is used, in order to achieve some purpose or solve some problem in the real world.

4. The Scope of Applied Linguistics

In a narrow sense, applied linguistics is concerned with the second/foreign language teaching and learning.

In a broad sense, applied linguistics is concerned with increasing understanding of the role of language in human affairs. It encompasses mainly 28 areas, including: Language Acquisition (L1 and L2); Psycho/Neurolinguistics; Language Teaching; Sociolinguistics; Humor Studies;

Pragmatics; Discourse; Analysis/Rhetorics; forensic linguistics; Text/Processing/Translation;

Computational Linguistics - Machine Translation; Corpus Linguistics; Language Control/ Dialectology.Quantitative research

experiment

Quantitative research involves data collection procedures that result primarily in numerical data which is then analyzed primarily by statistical methods. Typical example: survey research using a questionnaire, analyzed by statistical software such as SPSS.

4/ Qualitative research

Qualitative research involves data collection procedures that result primarily in open-ended, non-numerical data which is then analyzed primarily by non-statistical methods. Typical example: interview research, with the transcribed recordings analyzed by qualitative content analysis.

5. Mixed methods

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Case strol

Mixed methods research involves different combinations of qualitative and quantitative research either at the data collection or at the analysis levels. Typical examples: consecutive and interrelated questionnaires and interview studies.

6. The qualitative-quantitative distinction

Contrasting categorizing coding practices. Quantitative researchers define the variables they work with well in advance and assign a logical scale of values to them, which can be expressed in numbers. Qualitative researchers are not numerical but verbal and are usually not determined a priori but are left open and flexible.

2) Different approaches to individual diversity. Quantitative researches involve a large sample size, while qualitative researchers focus on individual stories. Thus, quantitative researchers follow a

'meaning in the general' strategy, whereas qualitative researchers concentrate on an in-depth understanding of the meaning in the particular'.

3) Analyzing data. Quantitative researches rely on the formalized system of statistics; while qualitative researches rely on

16:27:49 the researcher's individual sensitivity